This is a true story which happened in the States. A man came out of his home to admire his new truck. To his puzzlement, his three-year-old son was happily picked stone and scratched lines on the side of the truck. In his anger, the man ran to his son, knocked him away. And took the little boy's hands and hit it many times as punishment, not realizing he was using a wrench. When the father calmed down, he rushed his son to the hospital.

Although the doctor tried desperately to save the crushed bones, he finally had to amputate the fingers from both the little boy's hands. When the boy woke up from the surgery and saw his bandaged stubs, he innocently said, "Daddy, I'm sorry about your truck." Then he asked, "But when are my fingers going to grow back?" The father was so hurt. He went back to truck and kicked it a lot of times. Sitting back he looked at the scratches, little boy wrote "I LOVE YOU DAD." Later then committed suicide.

Think about this story the next time someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge. Think first before you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can be repaired. Broken bones and hurt feelings often can't. Too often we fail to recognize the difference between the person and the performance. We forget that forgiveness is greater than revenge.

People make mistakes. We are allowed to make mistakes, because we human beings are not perfect. But the actions we take while in a rage will haunt us forever.

این داستانی حقیقی است .مردی از خانه بیرون آمد تا نگاهی به وانت نوی خود بیندازد و آنرا تحسین کند. ناگهان با چشمانی حیرت زده پسر سه ساله خود رادید که شاد و شنگول با ضربات یک چکش رنگ براق ماشین را نابود می کند. مرد بطرف پسرش دوید، او را از ماشین دور کرد، و با چکش دستهای پسر بچه را برای تنبیه او خردو خمیر کرد. وقتی خشم پدر فرو نشست با عجله فرزندش را به بیمارستان رساند.
هرچند که پزشکان نهایت سعی خود را کردند تا استخوان های له شده را نجات دهند اما مجبور شدند انگشتان هر دو دست کودک را قطع کنند. وقتی که کودک به هوش آمد و باندهای دور دستهایش را دید با حالتی مظلوم پرسید؟بابا متاسفم برای وانتت اما  انگشتان من کی در میان؟پدر خیلی داغون به سوی وانتش برگشت و شروع به لگد زدن به ماشین کرد . بعد نشست و نگاه کرد به خط خطیهایی که پسرش  روی وانت کشیده بود . پسر کوچولویش نوشته بود . بابا عاشقتم . پدر بعد از خوندن این نوشته خودکشی کرد.

نکته پندآموز این حکایت:
دفعه دیگری که کسی پای شما را لگد کرد و یا خواستید از کسی انتقام بگیرید این داستان را به یاد آورید. قبل از آنکه با کسی که دوستش می دارید صبر خود را از دست بدهید کمی فکر کنید. وانت را می شود تعمیر کرد. انگشتان شکسته و احساس آزرده را نمی توان ترمیم کرد. در بسیاری از موارد ما تفاوت بین شخص و عملکرد او را متوجه نمی شویم. ما فراموش می کنیم که بخشیدن با عظمت تر از انتقام گرفتن است.
مردم اشتباه می کنند. ما هم مجاز هستیم که اشتباه کنیم. ولی تصمیمی که در حال عصبانیت می گیریم تا آخر عمر دامان ما را می گیرد.

nelson mandela:

"education is the most weapon we can use to change the word."

20 Common Grammar Mistakes That (Almost) Everyone Makes

Who and Whom

This one opens a big can of worms. “Who” is a subjective — or nominative — pronoun, along with "he," "she," "it," "we," and "they." It’s used when the pronoun acts as the subject of a clause. “Whom” is an objective pronoun, along with "him," "her," "it", "us," and "them." It’s used when the pronoun acts as the object of a clause. Using “who” or “whom” depends on whether you’re referring to the subject or object of a sentence. When in doubt, substitute “who” with the subjective pronouns “he” or “she,” e.g., Who loves you? cf., He loves me.Similarly, you can also substitute “whom” with the objective pronouns “him” or “her.” e.g., I consulted an attorney whom I met in New York. cf., I consulted him.

Which and That

This is one of the most common mistakes out there, and understandably so. “That” is a restrictive pronoun. It’s vital to the noun to which it’s referring.  e.g., I don’t trust fruits and vegetables that aren’t organic. Here, I’m referring to all non-organic fruits or vegetables. In other words, I only trust fruits and vegetables that are organic. “Which” introduces a relative clause. It allows qualifiers that may not be essential. e.g., I recommend you eat only organic fruits and vegetables, which are available in area grocery stores. In this case, you don’t have to go to a specific grocery store to obtain organic fruits and vegetables. “Which” qualifies, “that” restricts. “Which” is more ambiguous however, and by virtue of its meaning is flexible enough to be used in many restrictive clauses. e.g., The house, which is burning, is mine. e.g., The house that is burning is mine.

سوالات و پاسخ نامه امتحان نهایی زبان انگلیسی سوم دبیرستان  خرداد ماه ۱۳۹۰ جهت استفاده

همکاران و دانش آموزان بر روی وبلاگ قرار گرفت .

صفحه 1         صفحه 2         صفحه 3         صفحه 4     

  پاسخنامه صفحه1       پاسخنامه صفحه 2

در این پست نمونه سوالات راهنمایی برای زبان انگلیسی مدارس آورده شده است .این نمونه سوال مربوط به درس زبان انگلیسی سال اول راهنمایی مدارس می باشد که مربوط به نیمسال اول سال اول راهنمایی است.

برای مشاهده نمونه سوالات بر روی ادامه مطلب کلیک کنید.

برای دانلود بر روی عناوین زیر کلیک کنید

نمونه سوال دی ماه سوم راهنمایی 1

نمونه سوال دی ماه سوم راهنمایی 2

نمونه سوال دی ماه سوم راهنمایی 3

برای دانلود روی عناوین زیر کلیک کنید

نمونه سوال دی ماه دوم راهنمایی 1

نمونه سوال دی ماه دوم راهنمایی 2

نمونه سوال دی ماه دوم راهنمایی 3

•  Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia
•  Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
• Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK overseas territory)
•  Åland – Åland Islands (Autonomous province of Finland)
•  Albania – Republic of Albania
•  Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
•  American Samoa – Territory of American Samoa (US territory)
•  Andorra – Principality of Andorra
•  Angola – Republic of Angola
•  Anguilla (UK overseas territory)

حبوبات و آجیل
---------------
آفتاب گردان Sunflower
بادام Almond

armchair
صندلی دسته دار
An armchair is a chair with arms

bathtub
وان (حمام)
You take a bath in a bathtub

bed
تختخواب
People sleep in beds

bench
نیمکت
A few people can sit on a bench

پس از معرفی کلی آزمون آیلتس و بررسی انواع این آزمون و ویژگی های آن در چندین پست (که در آینده هم ادامه خواهد داشت) لغات ضروری را آموزش دادیم. در این پست قسمت جدید را که مربوط به اصطلاحات و افعال مرکب رایج در آیتلس می باشد شروع می کنیم. دانستن اصطلاحات آزمون آیلتس که رایج هستند می تواند به داوطلبین این آزمون کمک شایانی نماید.

زمان آینده

زمان آینده ساده ( The simple future Tense )

این زمان دلالت بر انجام کاری میکند که در آینده انجام خواهد شد و بیشتر قول و تصمیم را نشان می دهد.

چگونگی ساخت این زمان در زبان انگلیسی :این زمان را با اضافه کردن افعال کمکی( shall – will )   به جملات زمان حال ساده به دست می آید . مثل :

I (shall) will go.              You will go.              ( she – he – it ) will go

غات و اصطلاحات کاربردی

نظرات و عقاید 

افعال کمکی (معین)

افعال کمکی یا معین  (auxiliary verbs) معمولاً قبل از یک فعل دیگر (فعل اصلی) در جمله قرار می‌گیرند و کارشان کمک به فعل اصلی جمله در تشکیل عبارات فعلی می‌باشد.

افعال کمکی را می‌توان به دو دسته تقسیم نمود:
 

ویژگیهای افعال کمکی

الف) افعال کمکی اصلی

حالت سوم شخص مفرد (-s form)، گذشته ساده و اسم مفعول (قسمت سوم فعل) آنها نامنظم (بی قاعده) است:
 

ب) افعال کمکی وجهی

1- در حالت سوم شخص مفرد (بر خلاف افعال معمولی) -s نمی‌گیرند:

• She can play the piano quite well. (not: She cans ...)

• He must work harder. (not: He musts ...)

2- در جملات پرسشی و منفی، از فعل کمکی دیگری استفاده نمی‌کنند:

• What would you buy if you won the lottery?
  (not: What did you would buy ...)

3- هیچگاه to بعد از آنها قرار نمی‌گیرد (به استثنای ought to و used to):

• You should phone the police immediately. (not: you should to phone ...)

4- هیچگاه -ed یا -ing نمی‌گیرند:

 musting, musted

5- هیچگاه با همدیگر به کار برده نمی‌شوند:

• I might could wash the car.

قابلیت های مختلف افعال کمکی

1- برای منفی کردن یک جمله کافی است پس از فعل کمکی، not اضافه کنید و یا از حالت مخفف آن استفاده کنید:

 She will come → She will not (won't) come.

2- برای پرسشی کردن یک جمله، فعل کمکی را قبل از فاعل جمله قرار دهید:

 She will come → Will she come?

3- گاهی می‌توان فعل اصلی پس از فعل کمکی را حذف کرد به شرط آنکه معنی آن (با توجه به شرایط) واضح باشد:

• 'Will she come tonight?' 'No, she can't.' (='she can't come.')

• 'I've never been to China. Have you?'
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• جملات شرطي نوع اول

  از جملات شرطي نوع اول براي بيان يک شرط (يا موقعيت) ممکن و يک نتيجه محتمل در آينده استفاده مي‌شود.

  if	حال ساده	will/won't	مصدر بدون to
  if	I work hard,	I will	pass my exams.

  • If I find your watch, I will tell you. (.اگر ساعت شما را پيدا کنم به شما خواهم گفت)

  • If we leave now, we'll catch the 10.30 train.
    (اگر حالا حرکت کنيم به قطار ساعت 10:30 مي‌رسيم)

  • If I see him, I'll tell him the news. (.اگر او را ببينم خبرها را به او خواهم گفت)

  • You'll get wet if you don't take an umbrella. (.اگر چتر نبري خيس خواهي شد)

   

  علاوه بر will مي‌توان از should ،must ،can ،might ،may و غيره نيز استفاده کرد که در اين صورت معني آن کمي فرق خواهد کرد: If you pull the cat's tail, it may scratch you. (اگر دم گربه را بکشي ممکن است تو را چنگ بزند ) You should eat less rice if you want to lose weight. (اگر مي‌خواهي وزن کم کني بايد کمتر برنج بخوري)

   

  جملات شرطي نوع دوم

  از جملات شرطي نوع دوم براي بيان يک شرط يا موقعيت غير واقعي يا غير ممکن و نتيجه محتمل آن در زمان حال يا آينده بکار مي‌رود. در واقع در اين نوع جملات حال يا آينده‌اي متفاوت را تصور مي‌کنيم.

  if	گذشته ساده	would ('d) would not (wouldn't)	مصدر بدون to
  if	I had more money, I	would ('d)	buy a new car.
  if	you lived in England, you	would ('d)	soon learn English.

  چند مثال ديگر:

  • If he needed any money, I'd lend it to him. (But he doesn't need it)
    (اگر به پول احتياج داشت به او قرض مي‌دادم)

  • If I had more time, I'd help you. (اگر وقت بيشتري داشتم به شما کمک مي‌کردم)

  • If I were^* a rich man, I'd buy an expensive car.
    (اگر ثروتمند بودم يک ماشين گرانقيمت مي‌خريدم)

  • I wouldn't accept the job (even) if they offered it to me.
    (اگر آن کار را به من پيشنهاد مي‌کردند هم قبول نمي‌کردم)

   

  * در اين نوع جملات، اغلب بجاي was از were استفاده مي‌شود: If I were living in Tehran, we could meet more often.

   

  جملات شرطي نوع سوم

  از اين نوع جملات شرطي براي تصور گذشته‌اي غير ممکن استفاده مي‌شود. در واقع در اين نوع جملات، گوينده آرزوي يک گذشته متفاوت را دارد. (ولي به هر حال گذشته‌ها گذشته!)

  if + گذشته کامل + would have + قسمت سوم فعل (p.p.) + ....

  • If I'd seen you, I would have said hello.
    (اگر تو را ديده بودم، سلام مي‌دادم)

  • If he had driven more carefully, he wouldn't have been injured.
    (اگر با دقت بيشتري رانندگي کرده بود، مجروح نمي‌شد)

  • If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you.
    (اگر مي‌دانستم شما در بيمارستان بستري بوديد مي‌آمدم و شما را ملاقات مي‌کردم)

  • I would have gone to see him if I had known that he was ill.
    (اگر مي‌دانستم بيمار بود مي‌رفتم و به او سر مي‌زدم)

  • منبع زبان آموزان

Collocations

Tell me who you go with and I'll tell you who you are.

What is a collocation?

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples:

Why learn collocations?

• Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.
• You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.
• It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks rather than as single words.

How to learn collocations

• Be aware of collocations, and try to recognize them when you see or hear them.
• Treat collocations as single blocks of language. Think of them as individual blocks or chunks, and learn strongly support, not strongly + support.
• When you learn a new word, write down other words that collocate with it (remember rightly, remember distinctly, remember vaguely, remember vividly).
• Read as much as possible. Reading is an excellent way to learn vocabulary and collocations in context and naturally.
• Revise what you learn regularly. Practise using new collocations in context as soon as possible after learning them.
• Learn collocations in groups that work for you. You could learn them by topic (time, number, weather, money, family) or by a particular word (take action, take a chance, take an exam).
• You can find information on collocations in any good learner's dictionary. And you can also find specialized dictionaries of collocations.

Types of Collocation

There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:

• Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
• Adjective + Noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
• Noun + Noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
• Noun + Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
• Verb + Noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
• Verb + Expression With Preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
• Verb + Adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly

English Punctuation: Apostrophe

The POSSESSIVE APOSTROPHE

In most cases you simply need to add 's to a noun to show possession:

Plural nouns that do not end in s also follow this rule:

Ordinary (or common) nouns that end in s, both singular and plural, show possession simply by adding an ' after the s but proper nouns (names of people, cities, countries etc.) can form the possessive either by adding the 's or simply adding the ':

General notes: Many people want to know how to form the possessive of their own name when it ends in an 's' or when refering to the whole family, e.g. The Jones' children.

Today it is no longer considered incorrect to use either form (Jones's or Jones') and many largeorganisations now drop the ' completely (e.g. Barclays Bank,Missing Persons Bureau) when publishing their name.

The APOSTROPHE for CONTRACTION

The most common use of contracted apostrophes is for:

 The Exclamation Mark

The exclamation mark is used to express exasperation,astonishment or surprise or to emphasise a comment or short, sharp phrase.

Examples

You can also use it to mark a phrase as humourous, ironic or sarcastic.

Some general remarks:

 The Comma

There are some general rules which you can apply when using the comma.

However, you will find that in English there are many other ways to use the comma to add to the meaning of a sentence or to emphasise an item, point or meaning.

Although we are often taught that commas are used to help us add 'breathing spaces' to sentences they are, in fact, more accurately used to organise blocks of thought or logical groupings. Most people will now use commas to ensure that meaning is clear and, despite grammatical rules, will drop the comma if their meaning is retained in the sentence.

A. Using the comma to separate phrases, words, or clauses in lists

1. a series of phrases

2. a series of nouns

3. a series of adjectives

4. a series of verbs

5. a series of clauses

B. Using the comma to enclose insertions or comments. The comma is placed on either side of the insertion.

C. Use the comma to mark off a participial phrase

D. Use the comma in 'tag questions'

E. Use to mark off interjections like 'please', 'thank you', 'yes', and 'no'

General notes:

1. Misplacing a comma can lose friends!

Putting a comma in the wrong place can lead to a sentence with a completely different meaning, look at these two examples:

The period (known as a full stop in British English) is probably the simplest of the punctuation marks to use.

You use it like a knife to cut the sentences to the required length. Generally, you can break up the sentences using the full stop at the end of a logical and complete thought that looks and sounds right to you. Use the full stop

1. to mark the end of a sentence which is not a question or an exclamation.

2. to indicate an abbreviation

Note: Dr and Mr and Mrs and Ms do not take a full stop nor do most abbreviations taken from the first capital letters such as MA Phd CNN

3. special case - three dots

Often you will see a sentence concluding with three dots. This indicates that only part of the sentence or text has been quoted or that it is being left up to the reader to complete the rest of the sentence.

3. fullstop after a single word

Sometimes a single word can form the sentence. In this case you place a fullstop after the word as you would in any other sentence.

English Punctuation

Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences.

You use punctuation marks to structure and organise your writing. The most common of these are the period (or full stop in British English), the comma, the exclamation mark, the question mark, the colon and semi-colon, the quote, the apostrophe, the hyphen and dash, and parentheses and brackets. Capital letters are also used to help us organise meaning and to structure the sense of our writing.

You can quickly see why punctuation is important if you try and read this sentence which has no punctuation at all:

perhaps you dont always need to use commas periods colons etc to make sentences clear when i am in a hurry tired cold lazy or angry i sometimes leave out punctuation marks grammar is stupid i can write without it and dont need it my uncle Harry once said he was not very clever and i never understood a word he wrote to me i think ill learn some punctuation not too much enough to write to Uncle Harry he needs some help

Now let's see if punctuating it makes a difference!

Perhaps you don't always need to use commas, periods, colons etc. to make sentences clear. When I am in a hurry, tired, cold, lazy, or angry I sometimes leave out punctuation marks.

"Grammar is stupid! I can write without it and don't need it." my uncle Harry once said. He was not very clever and I never understood a word he wrote to me. I think I'll learn some punctuation - not too much, enough to write to Uncle Harry. He needs some help!

Use the punctuation section to learn how to make your English clearer and better organised.

Which is the 'best' English?

Trash or Rubbish? - Sorting out our English

Colour or color? Socks or sox? Organisations or Organizations? Underground or subway? Gas or petrol? Fall or Autumn? Candy or sweets? Cookie or biscuit? Centre or center, Trash or rubbish?

I've had a lot of furious emails from users about my terrible spelling. While I admit that the OEG may have had some glaring typos (fixed as soon as they were pointed out!) the emails are often concerned with spellings that are to do with regional differences in spoken and written English and not with my poor language skills. And they often come from readers who are convinced that there is only one 'good' English - theirs!

And we're living in a world where the frontiers between these 'regional differences' are becoming more and more blurred. Globalised mass communications, the Internet, an increasingly mobile workforce, and cheap international travel are all making us aware of an English language with many faces - a dynamic language, changing and moving with our times. Where the building blocks of the language - grammar, vocabulary, syntax - are plastic and dynamic and not rigid and static. Of course, if we still believe, as many of us were taught to believe at school, that there is only one English - ours! - then it may seem as if civilization as we'd like to keep knowing it is crumbling around our ears.

My family's experience is a good example of the way in which we are now exposed to a 'globalised' (should that be 'globalized'?) English and the cultural and geographic influences that contribute to our use of it: I was born in England, went to Australia when I was five, was entirely educated in Australia, spent several years in the USA and Canada, another eight in England and lived in France for over fifteen years. I married a Colombian, the common language at home is French, my wife speaks Spanish to our children, I speak English to them and they go to a French school. We live in a very small French village but have satellite TV with broadcasts from the USA and the UK, and ADSL Internet. My children's English is smattered with expressions and grammatical usage that comes from the USA and even from within fairly minority sub-sets of American English which they pick up from the music channels and YouTube, and they have kept traces of usage from our time in England. They use the Internet to chat with cousins and sisters in Australia where they use the truncated English that will surely develop one day into a recognised 'Internet English' (if it hasn't already!). Their English is a very different animal from mine and the shaping influences on it very different from those that shaped my own.

In my home, as in millions of others around the world, English is clearly a language that is moving and changing as fast as the times we live in. English speakers living in Bombay, Brighton or Boston are being exposed on an almost daily basis to the English used by their fellow English speakers around the globe.

Although we have a rich global mapping of English which makes it possible for English speakers to almost immediately fix a fellow English speaker to a geographical area, there is more that is similar among these English variations than is dissimilar. If there wasn't, English speakers from different parts of the world would have absolutely no hope of understanding each other! In most cases it is pronunciation and idiomatic expressions, not vocabulary or grammar that makes a fellow English speaker from anotherpart of the world, or sometimes even another part of the country, difficult to understand.

In the Online English Grammar I am open to the international and evolving character of English and, try at least, to highlight the differences between British and American English where they appear. I am always happy to receive new examples of these differences from users of the OEG!

I point out grammatical rules that may vary slightly depending on where you are as well as differences in spelling and usage. And have listed some of the main spelling variations between British and American English in an appendix.

The important thing to remember is that while spelling 'remember' as 'rember' is definitely wrong, spelling 'socks' as 'sox' is not! That saying 'She speak English really well' is definitely wrong wherever you are (the verb 'speak' must be third person 'speaks' or used in another tense such as 'spoke'), saying 'She speaks English real well' may not bewrong (it is acceptable to use 'real' rather than 'really' in informal American English.)

This may also slow the flow of emails from angry users who think it is a disgrace that I consistently spell 'center' as 'centre' - am I dyslexic?

Names of streets, buildings, parks etc.

Adjectives relating to nationality nouns

Names of geographical formations

Names of rivers, oceans, seas, lakes etc.

Names of cities, towns, villages etc.

Names of regions, states, districts etc.

Geographical names...
Names of countries and continents

Holidays

Seasons

Days of the week

Months of the year